The Britannic peoples have existed in our lands for nearly two thousand years. We are English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh. Maybe, also Cornish. Our home is not an international economic zone for middle class Lib Dems to house the Third World. Nationality is not complex or abstract; it is concrete, and determined by where you were born, who you married, and ultimately, your death. Burke put it plainly: history is a contract between the dead, the living, and those yet to come.

Nationality designates the nation to whom you belong. Identity is not "asserted," it is recognised. Does your nation recognise you as one of its own? You are not free to wander into China and claim to be Chinese, because no-one will recognise you as such. The government recognises your citizenship.

You are Scottish because other people recognise you as Scottish. You are Welsh because your are recognised so. Identity is not self-affirmed. You are English because you do what the English do. Take the English people out of England, and it ceases to be English and merely becomes a block of soil. This is entirely against the provably-fallacious classical liberal ideas of universalism, tabula rasa (blank slate), and "magic soil."

Since the mess of 1948, Britain's citizenship and immigration systems have existed in a chaotic spaghetti which has been ruthlessly abused by "human rights" lawyers and invaders chancing their luck on the soft-touch regime. It needs to be flattened down into simplicity and sanity, and no-one who commits a serious crime as a second-generation immigrant should expect to be able to stay just because they were born in a British hospital.

In that spirit, we present the correction to such an era: the British Immigration, Nationality, And Citizenship Act.

Read the draft British Immigration, Nationality, And Citizenship Act in full here (374 pages):

How BINCA Rewrites The Rules

The existing system treats citizenship as an "administrative status" which can be acquired through residence and bureaucratic process. BINCA treats citizenship as an inherited bond to land and people, with clear distinctions between natives, their descendants, invited guests, and temporary visitors.

Citizenship Categories

• Dozens of overlapping categories—British Citizen, British Overseas Territories Citizen, British Overseas Citizen, British Subject, British National (Overseas), British Protected Person, plus indefinite leave to remain, settled status, pre-settled status, and numerous visa types.
• BINCA: Six categories total—Indigenous Citizen, Inherited Conditional British Citizen, Hereditary Citizen, Honorary Citizen, British Subject, and Visitor. Everyone fits exactly one category.

How You Become British

• Birth in UK gives automatic citizenship. Five years' residence plus naturalisation ceremony grants citizenship. Discretionary grants by Home Secretary. Complex registration routes for children.
• BINCA: Birth in UK only grants citizenship if at least one parent is already a British citizen. No naturalisation. No administrative pathway to citizenship. Only birth, marriage, or Parliamentary grant changes status.

Indigenous Recognition

• No legal recognition of native British people. Someone whose family lived here for centuries has identical legal status to someone naturalised last week.
• BINCA: Indigenous British Citizen status for those born in England, Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland with all fourteen direct ancestors (both parents, all four grandparents, all eight great-grandparents) born in those territories over a rolling 75-year period. Cannot be denaturalised or removed from UK.

Marriage

• Marriage to British citizen leads to settlement and eventual citizenship after five years.
• BINCA: Marriage to British citizen from approved country grants immediate British Subject status (live and work, no vote). Marriage to person from culturally distant country (Schedule B list) grants no status—they remain a visitor. Subject status ends automatically upon divorce.

Children Born Here

• Any child born in UK is automatically British, regardless of parents' status.
• BINCA: Child born in UK needs at least one British citizen parent to acquire citizenship. Children of visitors born here are visitors themselves (unless stateless, then temporary conditional status until age 18).

Asylum and Refugees

• Complex asylum system with numerous protection categories. Refugee status leads to settlement and citizenship.
• BINCA: Asylum abolished entirely. All asylum-seekers are visitors. Narrow domestic protection regime for exceptional cases only (12-month maximum, no pathway to citizenship).

Removal and Deportation

• Extensive appeal rights. European Convention on Human Rights prevents many removals. Statelessness prevents removal. Family life claims delay or prevent deportation.
• BINCA: Immediate removal with minimal appeal (factual error only). UK withdrawn from ECHR and Refugee Convention. Statelessness no bar to removal. Foreign criminals removed automatically upon sentence completion.

Conditional Status Review

• No systematic review of citizenship once granted. Deprivation only in exceptional cases.
• BINCA: Inherited Conditional British Citizens and British Subjects undergo automatic algorithmic review every five years. Score below threshold triggers removal. Enhanced penalties for those from countries with demonstrated criminality patterns.

Public Office

• Any British citizen, including those with dual nationality, can hold any public office.
• BINCA: Cabinet ministers, Privy Councillors, senior judges, intelligence officers, and other key positions restricted to single-nationality citizens (Indigenous or Hereditary only). Exception for Irish dual nationals.

Documentation

• Home Office databases, physical immigration stamps, biometric residence permits, extensive fingerprinting and facial recognition.
• BINCA: Biometric collection banned except for border travel records. Status Recognition Certificate based on birth certificates only (fifteen certificates required—self, parents, grandparents, great-grandparents). Digital identity verification systems permitted.

Appeals and Review

• Multiple tiers of immigration tribunals. Judicial review widely available. Cases can take years.
• BINCA: No merits appeals. Factual error correction only (7-14 days). Removal proceeds during any challenge. Judicial review restricted to manifest procedural error only.

The British Immigration, Nationality, And Citizenship Act (BINCA): A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

BINCA represents the most comprehensive restructuring of British nationality and immigration law since the post-war settlement. The Act repeals twenty separate pieces of legislation enacted between 1948 and 2024, replaces the Immigration Rules in their entirety, and withdraws the United Kingdom from several international treaties governing asylum and human rights.

Its central purpose is to create a simple, document-based system of national status grounded in ancestry, birth location, and formal ties to the British Isles, whilst abolishing discretionary pathways to citizenship through naturalisation or asylum.

The legislation establishes five exhaustive categories of status. Every person within United Kingdom jurisdiction must fall into exactly one classification:

1. Indigenous British Citizen (expellable)
2. Inherited Conditional British Citizen (deportable)
3. Hereditary British Citizen (deportable)
4. British Subject (deportable)
5. Visitor (deportable)

The framework is designed for automated processing using existing birth and marriage registers, permitting overnight classification of the entire population without case-by-case administrative review. Legal certainty is prioritised above all other considerations.

PART 1 – PRELIMINARY

The opening Part establishes the foundational architecture by repealing all twenty previous Acts of Parliament governing nationality and immigration, alongside the Immigration Rules and every Statement of Changes. No vested rights are preserved beyond minimal transitional provisions allowing pending applications and existing documents to serve as evidence during the classification process. The Act defines all key terms with mathematical precision, including the Britannic Isles as exclusively England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and establishes that only birth, marriage and death may alter nationality status. Leave to remain is formally abolished, with all temporary presence reclassified as visitor status carrying no settlement pathway. The Act extends throughout the United Kingdom, permits Crown Dependencies to adopt its provisions through local legislation, and comes into force immediately upon Royal Assent with no grace periods save a ninety-day voluntary departure window for those who lose status.

PART 2 – BRITISH CITIZENSHIP

Indigenous British Citizenship requires birth in the Britannic Isles plus an unbroken ancestral chain spanning three generations within a rolling seventy-five-year window. All fourteen direct ancestors—both parents, all four grandparents, and all eight great-grandparents—must have been born in the same territories during the period. For someone born in 2025, ancestors must have been born after 1 January 1950. For someone born in 2050, the cutoff moves to 1975. This rolling calculation ensures the framework functions indefinitely whilst anchoring status to living ancestral memory spanning approximately three generations.

Marriage to a Tier B national by any ancestor within the relevant seventy-five-year period permanently breaks the Indigenous lineage. Even if the Tier B marriage occurred before that country was added to the statutory list, descendants cannot qualify as Indigenous and are instead classified as Inherited Conditional British Citizens. This taint persists across generations unless extremely stringent reset conditions are met: twenty-five years' continuous residence after age eighteen, marriage to an Indigenous citizen, National Integrity Assessment score of twenty or higher, and no criminal record. Indigenous citizens possess full civic and political rights including eligibility for all offices of state, and their status is inalienable except through temporary expulsion following jury conviction for exceptional criminality.

Persons born in the Britannic Isles to at least one British parent who fail to meet the full Indigenous test acquire Inherited Conditional British Citizen status. This typically occurs where not all fourteen ancestors satisfy the birthplace and timing requirements, where an ancestor married a Tier B national, or where documentary gaps exist. ICBC holders enjoy rights equivalent to Indigenous citizens—voting, unrestricted work, full public service access, permanent residence—but their status remains conditional upon ongoing compliance and five-yearly algorithmic review under the National Integrity Assessment.

Those with Tier B backgrounds face enhanced scrutiny with lower removal thresholds. Specific offences trigger automatic removal regardless of score: terrorism, child sexual exploitation, grooming gang activity, rape, and serious violence. Statelessness presents no bar to removal. Children's status remains stable despite parental divorce or denaturalisation, except where obtained through fraud. If both parents lose status and are removed, children under eighteen accompany them but retain citizenship and may return upon reaching majority. Over generational time, if all fourteen ancestors within the rolling window come to satisfy Indigenous requirements and no Tier B marriage break exists, descendants may eventually qualify as Indigenous.

Hereditary status applies to persons born outside the Britannic Isles to British parents, transmissible for one generation only. If a Hereditary citizen has children born overseas, those children are Visitors, not Hereditary. To transmit citizenship beyond a single generation, the Hereditary person must return to the United Kingdom and have children born on British soil, whereupon those children acquire ICBC status. This principle reflects the foundational importance of territorial connection—soil matters, and multi-generational transmission without homeland return is deliberately excluded.

The exception for diplomatic and military service deems children born overseas during official Crown service to have been born in the United Kingdom, acquiring their parents' status type. This covers Foreign Office diplomatic postings, Armed Forces deployments, and Intelligence Services assignments, but excludes private contractors and non-FCO British Council employees. Registration with a consulate must occur within five years. Hereditary Eligible Persons who satisfy descent requirements but have not completed assimilation requirements hold provisional residence rights equivalent to British Subject status during the completion window.

Honorary British Citizenship may be conferred only by Act of Parliament for exceptional service. It is non-transferable to spouses, non-heritable by children, and more easily revoked than Indigenous or Hereditary status. The Status Recognition Certificate system provides conclusive documentary evidence of classification, requiring fifteen birth certificates spanning three generations. Approved identity providers may verify and store lineage documentation using zero-knowledge proof techniques that enable status verification without revealing underlying personal data. Biometric collection is prohibited for status determination purposes, with the sole exception being travel movement recording at borders for Tier B monitoring. All determinations rest on birth and marriage registers, with parish records or census data acceptable where original certificates are lost to war, fire or record destruction.

PART 3 – BRITISH SUBJECTS

British Subject status arises through marriage to a British citizen or birth in a United Kingdom Overseas Territory. The marriage pathway requires that the foreign spouse originates from an approved country—meaning any state not listed in Schedule 15 as a Tier B country. Upon proof of valid marriage and the British spouse's citizenship, Subject status is conferred instantly without application process or waiting period. Subjects receive a passport-equivalent document and may use citizen lanes at border controls. They possess the right to live and work in the United Kingdom, access the National Health Service, receive education, and claim social security benefits. They may not vote and are ineligible for public office.

Subject status acquired through marriage is conditional upon the marriage continuing. Divorce triggers automatic reversion to Visitor status with a thirty-day grace period to depart. Subjects born in Overseas Territories hold their status permanently, unaffected by marital status. All Subjects undergo five-yearly National Integrity Assessment review and face removal for criminality involving custodial sentences of one year or more, whether concurrent or consecutive, including suspended sentences and foreign convictions that would constitute crimes under United Kingdom law.

he Most Radical Reimagining of British Citizenship Since 1707Tier B designates countries deemed culturally distant from the United Kingdom, with profound legal consequences. Nationals from these states cannot become British Subjects through marriage even to British citizens, remaining classified as Visitors regardless of marital status. Children born in the United Kingdom to a British parent and Tier B national acquire ICBC status subject to enhanced integrity assessment scrutiny. Children born overseas to such couples are Visitors. Any ancestor marrying a Tier B national permanently breaks Indigenous lineage for all descendants.

A country qualifies for Tier B designation upon meeting two or more objective criteria: non-Christian majority religion, non-Common Law legal tradition, absence of United Kingdom colonial ties before 1945, homicide rate five times or greater than the United Kingdom average, documented human rights violations, terrorism sponsorship, lack of reciprocal citizenship rights, or educational system incompatibility. The initial Tier B comprises twenty-seven countries including Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, Somalia and others. The Secretary of State may add or remove countries annually through statutory instrument subject to negative resolution, with emergency additions by Order in Council for national security purposes requiring no Parliamentary approval.

Tier C identifies countries whose nationals demonstrate elevated criminality rates among United Kingdom immigrant populations based on empirical evidence. Prison over-representation relative to population share, specific crime patterns such as organised grooming gangs or drug trafficking networks, and European proxy data where United Kingdom statistics prove insufficient justify inclusion. The initial Tier C comprises seven countries: Pakistan, Somalia, Vietnam, Algeria, Morocco, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Afghanistan.

Inclusion produces legal consequences for ICBC holders and Subjects from these backgrounds. The criminality weighting factor in the National Integrity Assessment doubles from five to ten. Any custodial sentence, regardless of length, triggers immediate assessment rather than awaiting the five-year cycle. Specific offences mandate automatic removal irrespective of overall score: grooming, rape, violence, terrorism, and similar grave crimes. Enhanced visa scrutiny applies to new applicants. The list undergoes annual review based on updated prison and crime data, with amendments by negative resolution to maintain responsiveness whilst avoiding Parliamentary deadlock.

PART 4 – VISITORS

Every person who does not qualify as a citizen or Subject defaults to Visitor status. This encompasses foreign nationals, asylum seekers—there being no asylum status under this Act—and Tier B nationals married to British citizens. Default permission extends to thirty days, extendable at Secretarial discretion to a maximum of one hundred and eighty days within any rolling twelve-month period. Extended permissions may be granted for study, business, medical treatment or other purposes, each subject to specific conditions and instantly revocable without appeal.

No pathway to citizenship exists except through approved marriage to a British citizen or Parliamentary grant of Honorary status. Visitors may not work save where business permissions specifically allow narrowly defined activities. Overstaying or breaching conditions triggers immediate removal with minimal administrative process and no right of appeal save for manifest procedural error reviewable within seven days. Detention pending removal may continue indefinitely. Port refusals occur without any right of entry to United Kingdom territory and without appeal from the refusal decision.

Children born in the Britannic Isles to two Visitor parents do not acquire citizenship by birth alone. They remain Visitors unless entitled to citizenship through parental status or alternative nationality. Where a child would otherwise be stateless, Temporary Conditional British Status is granted. This confers no rights of inheritance or permanent settlement before age eighteen. Upon reaching majority, if the person has resided continuously in the United Kingdom from birth, committed no serious criminality, and registered with authorities within thirty days of birth, automatic conversion to ICBC status occurs without application. Failure to meet conversion criteria results in reclassification as Visitor with immediate removal liability.

Where immigration officers or the Secretary of State reasonably suspect claimed age to be false, mandatory scientific assessment follows using dental examination, wrist radiography, and other prescribed methods conducted by qualified practitioners. Assessment results are conclusive absent manifest clerical error such as wrong person assessed. Refusal to cooperate triggers automatic presumption that the person is twenty-five years old, criminal prosecution for obstructing immigration control carrying maximum penalty of two years' imprisonment, fraud prosecution if child age was claimed carrying maximum penalty of five years, and immediate removal as an adult immigration violator. No exemptions exist for religious belief, medical concerns including pregnancy or radiation exposure, cultural modesty, trauma, or legal advice. Immigration officers may employ reasonable force including physical restraint and medically supervised sedation to compel cooperation.

PART 5 – NATIONAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT

The National Integrity Assessment applies exclusively to ICBC holders and British Subjects, operating on a five-yearly cycle with first assessment occurring within twelve months of commencement for existing persons. Indigenous, Hereditary and Honorary citizens are exempt. Visitors face no assessment as they are simply removed upon breach. The system employs an algorithmic formula yielding a numerical score that determines retention or loss of status. It is not a social credit system, applies solely to conditional citizenship matters, and remains strictly confined to immigration enforcement rather than general governance or social control.

The formula comprises positive factors that add to the score and negative factors that subtract. Tax contribution, weighted by factor of four, compares the person's total tax paid over five years against median United Kingdom tax liability. Assimilation indicators, weighted by factor of five, assess seven objective criteria: English language proficiency certified at CEFR B1 level or demonstrated through employment, employment history showing work during at least eighty percent of eligible time, community participation through volunteering or organisational membership, absence of polygamy, acceptance of United Kingdom law supremacy over religious or cultural codes, children attending United Kingdom schools with ninety percent or higher attendance where applicable, and absence of harmful practices including female genital mutilation, forced marriage or honour violence.

Pre-1949 lineage, weighted by factor of three, awards points where any ancestor was born in the Britannic Isles before that year. Character affidavits from Indigenous citizens, weighted by factor of two, permit up to three affidavits from individuals who have known the person for two or more years, with false affidavit provision constituting a criminal offence carrying maximum penalty of five years' imprisonment. Additional positive factors, weighted by factor of three, cover exceptional community contribution, business or job creation, cultural or scientific achievement, and similar discretionary matters determined by the Secretary of State.

Negative factors include criminality weighted by factor of five, or factor of ten for Tier C backgrounds, encompassing any conviction whether spent or unspent. Security risk certification, weighted by factor of eight, applies where security services flag the individual. Welfare dependency, weighted by factor of three, calculates cumulative months receiving benefits. Public order debts, weighted by factor of two, capture unpaid fines, council tax arrears, National Health Service charges and similar obligations. Frequent travel to Tier B countries constitutes an additional negative factor, with extended stays exceeding ninety cumulative days per year triggering enhanced review.

Scores below zero mandate automatic status loss and immediate removal without notice beyond the decision letter. Scores between zero and nine prompt discretionary review by the Secretary of State with decision within twenty-eight days. Scores of ten or higher retain status until the next five-year assessment. An alternative subtractive model may be prescribed by regulation, starting all persons at one hundred points and deducting for negative indicators, with status loss occurring below forty points.

Automated notices issue digitally or by post. A fourteen-day evidence submission window permits factual corrections only—wrong identity, document misread, arithmetic errors in score calculation. No oral hearings occur. Decisions are final subject solely to factual error correction with no review of scoring methodology, assimilation judgments, or discretionary matters. Removal proceeds automatically for scores below zero. Data sources include His Majesty's Revenue and Customs tax records, Department for Work and Pensions benefits data, Police National Computer entries, border crossing records, local authority information on council tax and housing, educational records, National Health Service usage, and bank transaction data for international transfers exceeding ten thousand pounds.

PART 6 – BORDER CONTROL AND ENTRY

Universal visa requirement applies to all Visitors with background checks covering criminal history, security concerns and health status. The Common Travel Area with Ireland continues, exempting Irish citizens from visa requirements and preserving reciprocal residence rights. The Common Trust Channel offers approved anglophonic countries—Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United States—lenient conditions and expedited processing based on cultural similarity and historical ties. The Expedited Crossing Programme permits citizens of key allies who have entered five times over two years to apply at consulates for twelve-month stay permissions with mandatory three-month absence between visits, subject to background and security vetting and revocable without appeal.

Countries may be added to or removed from trusted channels where two or more of the following criteria apply: majority non-Christian religion, non-Common Law legal tradition, absence of United Kingdom ties before 1945, or homicide rate five times or greater than the United Kingdom average. Parliamentary approval through negative resolution is required except for emergency additions by Order in Council on terrorism or national security grounds. Tier B countries are automatically excluded from all trusted channels regardless of other factors.

Immigration officers examine all persons seeking entry to determine classification, admissibility and compliance with conditions. Officers may require production of passports, Status Recognition Certificates, visas or electronic travel authorisations. Refusal of entry occurs at the officer's discretion for any person who fails to satisfy admissibility requirements, with immediate return to carrier and no appeal. Carriers must transmit Advance Passenger Information before departure in prescribed format and timeframe. Civil penalties of five thousand pounds per passenger apply for non-compliance. Authority-to-carry schemes may require pre-boarding approval through real-time screening with boarding denial for high-risk passengers. Electronic Travel Authorisations may be mandated by regulation for visa-exempt nationals, with refusal non-appealable. Tier B travel monitoring requires mandatory recording of all movements to Tier B countries for incorporation into Integrity Assessment calculations.

PART 7 – MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

Marriage to a British citizen confers immediate Subject status only where the foreign spouse originates from an approved country not listed in Tier B. Tier B nationals remain Visitors regardless of marriage to British citizens. Children born in the United Kingdom to one British parent and one Tier B parent acquire ICBC status with enhanced Integrity Assessment scrutiny. Children born overseas to such couples are Visitors lacking any citizenship claim. Any ancestor marrying a Tier B national within the seventy-five-year window permanently blocks Indigenous status for all descendants unless the difficult lineage reset conditions are satisfied.

Children born in the United Kingdom to one British parent and one approved-country Subject acquire ICBC status. Children born overseas to such couples acquire Hereditary status if the British parent holds Indigenous, ICBC or Hereditary citizenship. Children's status, once acquired at birth, remains stable despite subsequent parental divorce or denaturalisation except where obtained through fraud. Where both parents lose status and face removal, children under eighteen are removed with them but retain their citizenship and may return upon reaching majority as independent adults.

Investigation powers permit Border Force and immigration officers to examine suspected sham marriages through interviews and evidence gathering. Registrars must report suspicions to the Department for Homeland Security. Sham marriage constitutes a criminal offence carrying maximum penalty of five years' imprisonment with immediate status loss and removal for the fraudulent party. Retrospective revocation applies to status obtained through sham marriage. Children born during a sham marriage retain ICBC status if born in the United Kingdom but face removal with parents, without family separation exception. The entire family unit may be removed together where appropriate.

PART 8 – REVOCATION, DENATURALISATION, AND REMOVAL

Visitors face immediate removability for breach of any condition without notice period or appeal rights beyond manifest procedural error reviewable within seven days. Emergency removal procedures permit twenty-four-hour notice for refused entry and similar port-based cases. Detention may continue indefinitely pending removal without bail availability. Subjects lose status automatically upon divorce, converting to Visitor status with thirty-day grace period. Criminality involving custodial sentences of one year or more triggers removal, with sentences aggregated whether concurrent or consecutive, suspended sentences counted, and foreign convictions recognised where the conduct would constitute a United Kingdom crime. Breach of status conditions permits discretionary revocation. Removal directions specify destination, carrier, route and date. Fast-track procedures provide fourteen-day windows with no suspensive right of appeal.

ICBC holders face denaturalisation for serious criminality including terrorism under any provision of the Terrorism Acts, child sexual exploitation and grooming, rape or sexual assault, serious violence encompassing grievous bodily harm, murder and manslaughter, drug trafficking, and other grave offences prescribed by statutory instrument. Post-sentence removal follows upon completion of custodial terms. Statelessness presents no bar to removal. Those with Tier B or Tier C backgrounds face enhanced removal with lower criminality thresholds. Any custodial sentence regardless of length triggers assessment for Tier B or Tier C persons. Specific offences mandate immediate removal irrespective of National Integrity Assessment score. Family removal occurs together without separation exception where both parents lose status.

National Integrity Assessment scores below zero trigger automatic removal with fourteen-day administrative notice. Removal destinations include country of origin, Tier B country of family background, or offshore facility. Children under eighteen are removed with parents where both parents lose status. Children over eighteen undergo separate assessment as independent adults. National security certifications following closed-material proceedings may accelerate removal without standard procedural protections.

Hereditary citizens may be removed for high treason, terrorism, espionage, grave threats to national security, and serious criminal offences prescribed by statutory instrument. Entry ban provisions impose ten-year minimum prohibitions. Community petition processes permit local residents to seek removal through jury determinations. Indigenous citizens cannot be denaturalised from the land in which they are indigenous, but may be expelled for up to ten years in exceptional circumstances. Community nomination followed by jury trial conviction is required. Offences of exceptional seriousness justifying temporary expulsion include repeated sedition attempts and severe criminality such as multiple life sentences. Court orders must find exceptional circumstances warrant expulsion. Automatic return rights attach upon expiration of the expulsion period. Indigenous persons cannot be rendered stateless.

Secretary of State may direct immediate removal of any Visitor without notice period for visa breach. Forty-eight-hour removal windows apply for refused entry. Fourteen-day removal windows apply for ICBC post-criminality cases. No suspensive right attaches pending any challenge. Detention pending removal may continue indefinitely with no bail for persons subject to removal directions. No judicial review lies except for manifest procedural error. Removal may proceed to any willing country with no requirement to establish identity. Offshore processing centres may be designated for claim processing, detention pending removal, and post-removal accommodation for stateless persons pending third-country acceptance. Transfer to offshore facility constitutes removal from the United Kingdom, ending further immigration proceedings. Habeas corpus is limited to manifest procedural error. Indefinite detention is authorised with release only upon third-country acceptance, voluntary return to country of origin, or Secretarial direction.

Any country may be designated as safe by Secretarial order, with designation non-justiciable and not subject to judicial review of merits. Presumption applies that all countries are safe except active war zones as determined by the Secretary of State and reviewable annually. Once designated, irrebuttable presumption attaches that persons are removable to that country with no individual assessment of personal safety, no consideration of personal circumstances, family ties or personal history, and no appeal or judicial review of removal decision. Return agreements with third countries are not required. Payment to receiving countries is authorised. Offshore processing may proceed under administrative arrangements such as memoranda of understanding or exchanges of letters without formal bilateral treaty. Financial arrangements including payments for reception, processing and integration are permitted.

PART 9 – DUAL NATIONALITY AND RENUNCIATION

Unlimited foreign nationality holdings are permitted. British status is determined solely by birth and lineage under this Act. Acquisition of foreign citizenship does not affect British status. Public office prohibition applies to dual nationals except as specifically exempted. Indigenous and Hereditary citizens holding solely Irish nationality alongside British citizenship may hold public office due to Common Travel Area recognition. Application for de-recognition proceeds by statutory declaration with one-time resumption right exercisable within ten years. Procedures and documentation requirements are prescribed. Family members are unaffected as status is individual. Resumption requires proof of original status without discretionary element.

PART 10 – EMPLOYMENT AND PUBLIC OFFICE

Indigenous, ICBC, Hereditary, Honorary and Subject status holders enjoy unrestricted right to work. Visitors face restrictions by visit type with general prohibition except for business visitors conducting narrowly defined activities. Dual nationals are prohibited from holding public office as defined to include Cabinet Ministers, Privy Councillors, senior judiciary from High Court and above, Permanent Secretaries and equivalent grades, Director-level civil service positions with policy or security functions, intelligence services personnel, senior military officers from Brigadier rank and above, Police Chief Constables and equivalents, and Returning Officers for national elections. Verification procedures mandate declaration with criminal penalties for false declaration carrying maximum sentence of two years' imprisonment. Discovery of dual nationality triggers disqualification from office. Irish nationals are exempted in recognition of Common Travel Area arrangements.

Digital verification systems provide real-time status checking through government portals with instant verification at point of employment offer and automatic updates upon status changes. Document verification requires Status Recognition Certificates or passports. Initial checks plus annual renewal apply for non-citizens. Records must be retained for five years. Visitors working without permission commit criminal offences carrying maximum penalty of twelve months' imprisonment summarily or two years on indictment with immediate removal upon conviction or detection. Employer civil penalties impose twenty thousand pounds per illegal worker for first offences and forty thousand pounds for subsequent offences, plus daily penalties of five hundred pounds for continuing contraventions. Statutory excuse through prescribed due diligence defences protects employers who conducted right-to-work checks in good faith, with digital verification use constituting conclusive evidence. Knowing employment or reasonable cause to believe an employee is an illegal worker constitutes criminal offence carrying maximum penalty of five years' imprisonment and unlimited fine with corporate liability applying.

PART 11 – ACCESS TO SERVICES

Healthcare access is unrestricted for citizens and Subjects. Visitors face restrictions with emergency treatment provided but charges recoverable, immediately necessary treatment provided but charges recoverable, and elective treatment refused unless paid in advance. Charges are prescribed by regulation typically at one hundred fifty percent of National Health Service cost. Immigration health charges impose annual surcharges on long-term visitors. Data sharing with the Home Office incorporates usage data into Integrity Assessment calculations. Education access is full for citizens and Subjects. Visitors face restrictions with children of long-term study or work visitors permitted state school access subject to fees by regulation, whilst short-term visitors may access private education only. School attendance data feeds into Integrity Assessment.

Housing access is unrestricted for citizens and Subjects. Visitors face landlord right-to-rent checks through digital verification systems providing real-time status confirmation. Periodic checks occur annually for long-term tenancies. Civil penalties impose three thousand pounds per illegal occupant for first offences and five thousand pounds for subsequent offences. Statutory excuse attaches through due diligence via digital verification. Eviction procedures permit seven-day notice service with fast-track possession proceedings in county court and no consideration of withdrawn European Convention on Human Rights Article 8 protections.

Banking access is unrestricted for citizens and Subjects. Visitors face account opening checks through digital verification with periodic annual reviews for existing accounts. Automatic freezing follows upon status loss notification from the Home Office with thirty-day grace period for basic accounts permitting wage payment only. Closure and balance transfer to the Home Office occurs absent regularisation. International transfers exceeding ten thousand pounds must be reported to the Home Office for Integrity Assessment purposes. Driving licences follow standard procedures for citizens and Subjects. Visitors receive temporary licences based on visit length with International Driving Permits valid for visit duration. United Kingdom provisional or full licences are unavailable. Automatic revocation occurs upon status loss through real-time data sharing from the Home Office to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. Police may search for and seize licences from disqualified persons.

Social security and public funds entitlements are full for citizens and Subjects. Visitors have no recourse to public funds as defined by regulation to include income-related benefits, social housing, homelessness assistance, council tax reduction, child benefit and tax credits. Department for Work and Pensions data sharing incorporates benefits information into Integrity Assessment calculations.

PART 12 – LIMITED ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW

No merits review or appeals exist. Factual error correction only is available. Decisions are final except as specifically provided. No suspensive effect attaches with removal or other action proceeding regardless of any challenge. Scope of review is limited to identity errors such as wrong person or data entry mistake, documentary evidence errors such as misread certificates or wrong dates, and arithmetic errors in Integrity Assessment calculations. Discretionary decisions including visa refusals, extensions and removals are not reviewable. Scoring methodology, assimilation assessments, character judgments, safe third country designations, and Secretarial policy decisions are excluded from review.

Time limits provide seven days from decision for visitors and port refusals, fourteen days for ICBC Integrity Assessment decisions, and twenty-eight days for civil penalties. Process is by written submission only with no oral hearings, documentary evidence only, single-tier review with no second-tier appeal, and decisions within fourteen days or twenty-eight days for complex cases. Senior immigration officers not involved in the original decision conduct reviews alongside independent contract reviewers for civil penalties. Outcomes may affirm the decision in the vast majority of cases or correct factual errors and remit to the original decision-maker, with no power to substitute decisions.

Judicial review is severely limited to grounds of manifest procedural error including failure to follow mandatory statutory procedure, decision-maker lacking jurisdiction, fraud or corruption in decision-making, and manifest arithmetical error not corrected in factual review. Non-justiciable matters encompass merits of discretionary decisions, safe third country designations, Tier B and C listings, Integrity Assessment scoring methodology, assimilation judgments, national security determinations, public interest assessments, and family life considerations following European Convention withdrawal. Time limits provide forty-eight hours from decision for visitors, port refusals and immediate removals, and seven days for all other cases. No suspensive effect attaches with removal proceeding during judicial review and applications continuing from overseas if removed before hearing. Permission stage requires High Court approval through paper-only consideration with refusal final and no renewal or Court of Appeal access. Single-tier review confines matters to the High Court with no appeal except on points of law of general public importance requiring permission from both courts. Unsuccessful claimants pay the Secretary of State's costs with no legal aid available and costs orders prerequisite to further immigration applications.

Ouster and finality clauses declare decisions final except as provided with no supervisory jurisdiction entertaining proceedings for judicial review beyond specified grounds. No court may grant interim relief or injunctions preventing removal. No court may make declarations of incompatibility under the Human Rights Act 1998 to the extent not already repealed. This Act prevails over any inconsistent enactment. No international treaty obligation creates enforceable domestic rights contrary to this Act.

PART 13 – ENFORCEMENT POWERS

Immigration officers possess powers of arrest, detention, search and seizure exercisable with or without warrant in most circumstances. Entry to premises requires warrants for dwellings but not for business premises during hours. Search of persons and property is authorised alongside seizure of documents and evidence. Reasonable force may be employed as necessary. Criminal offences include illegal entry in breach of immigration control carrying maximum penalty of six months summarily or four years on indictment, overstaying beyond visitor permission carrying maximum penalty of six months summarily or two years on indictment, breach of visa conditions such as unauthorised work or study carrying maximum penalty of six months summarily or two years on indictment, using, possessing or making false immigration documents carrying maximum penalty of two years summarily or ten years on indictment, assisting illegal entry through facilitation, organisation or financing carrying maximum penalty of fourteen years with confiscation under Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, deception to obtain status or permission carrying maximum penalty of two years summarily or five years on indictment, failure to cooperate with removal including refusal to provide identity, refusal to obtain travel documents, or destroying documents carrying maximum penalty of twelve months summarily or two years on indictment, and assaulting immigration officers through assault, obstruction or threatening behaviour carrying maximum penalty of twelve months summarily or five years on indictment.

Attempts, conspiracy and incitement are punishable as substantive offences. Aiding, abetting, counselling and procuring attract secondary liability. Bodies corporate are liable where offences are committed with consent or connivance of officers, with officers personally liable alongside the corporation. Arrest without warrant is authorised upon reasonable suspicion of any offence under the Act. Search of arrested persons and premises where arrest occurred requires no warrant for immigration offences. Search under warrant is available for evidence. Detention for questioning may last twenty-four hours without charge or ninety-six hours with judicial authorisation. Fingerprinting and photography at borders only constitute the sole exception to biometric prohibition, permitting travel records for Tier B monitoring.

Maritime enforcement powers permit boarding vessels in United Kingdom territorial waters, boarding in international waters where permitted by flag state or United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, hot pursuit from United Kingdom waters, ship diversion to United Kingdom ports or offshore facilities, and search for illegal entrants. Ship seizure and disposal may follow for vessels used in illegal entry facilitation with forfeiture proceedings in Crown Court and sale to satisfy penalties and costs. Vehicle and container searches at ports require no warrant whilst inland searches require warrants. Lorries, containers and trailers may be searched for clandestine entrants with seizure of vehicles containing them. Reasonable force may be employed to effect boarding with warning shots authorised in prescribed circumstances and disabling fire authorised to prevent escape in exceptional circumstances with ministerial authorisation.

Carrier civil penalties impose ten thousand pounds per clandestine entrant, five thousand pounds per passenger without valid documentation, and five thousand pounds per failure to provide Advance Passenger Information. Statutory excuses provide due diligence defences through reasonable steps to prevent carriage, following approved security plans, and Authority-to-Carry scheme compliance. Vehicle or ship detention continues until penalties are paid with daily storage costs accruing and forfeiture after sixty days' non-payment. Knowing or reckless facilitation of illegal entry by carriers constitutes criminal offence carrying maximum penalty of fourteen years' imprisonment with corporate liability applying.

PART 14 – DETENTION AND REMOVAL LOGISTICS

Immigration officers or constables may detain persons liable to examination, refusal, removal or deportation, persons reasonably suspected of immigration offences, persons failing to provide identity or documents, and persons subject to removal directions. Duration is unlimited pending removal. No bail is available for Visitors subject to removal. Administrative review at seven-day intervals justifies continuation of detention. Detention facility standards mandate basic humanitarian requirements only. Bail is available exclusively for ICBC and Hereditary citizens in detention, with Visitors and Subjects subject to removal ineligible. Application proceeds to immigration bail tribunals operating administratively rather than judicially. Conditions include residence requirements, reporting requirements daily or weekly, mandatory electronic monitoring, surrender of passport and travel documents, and financial security through surety. Breach constitutes criminal offence carrying maximum penalty of twelve months' imprisonment with immediate return to detention and forfeiture of surety.

Removal centres provide long-term detention facilities whilst short-term holding facilities accommodate port detention with seven-day maximums. Pre-departure accommodation houses families and voluntary departures. Private contractors are authorised as operators. Basic standards covering food, shelter, safety and medical care apply with no judicial oversight of conditions beyond fundamental minimums. Pregnant women may be detained throughout pregnancy with medical oversight required and birth in detention permitted. Unaccompanied children under eighteen may be detained in pre-departure accommodation only with seventy-two-hour maximums extendable to seven days by judicial authorisation. Age assessment is mandatory where dispute arises. Families with children are detained together in family accommodation without separation unless child protection concerns arise. Removal of family units proceeds together. Seriously ill persons may be detained with medical care provided and no release solely on medical grounds, with treatment in detention or upon removal. Victims of trafficking may be detained during investigation or prosecution with no special protections beyond Modern Slavery Act 2015 criminal provisions and removability upon conclusion of investigation or trial.

Detainee custody officers may be private contractors. Escort arrangements cover transport to and from detention and to removal. Reasonable force through prescribed restraint techniques is authorised with medical oversight during escort. Charter flights permit mass removals. Removal directions issued by immigration officers specify destination country, carrier and flight or route, and date and time. No prior notice is required except fourteen days for ICBC post-Integrity Assessment. No objection to destination is permitted as destination determination is non-justiciable. Carriers must accept persons for removal upon direction. Reasonable force may be employed to effect removal including prescribed restraint techniques with medical oversight.

Offshore processing facilities may be designated in any third country by agreement, British Overseas Territories, Crown Dependencies with consent, leased territory, or vessels and maritime installations. Purposes include processing of asylum or protection claims as visitor applications, detention pending removal, and post-removal accommodation for stateless persons pending third-country acceptance. Transfer to offshore facility constitutes deemed removal from the United Kingdom ending further immigration proceedings. Habeas corpus is limited to manifest procedural error. Standards mandate basic humanitarian requirements covering food, shelter, safety and medical care with no judicial oversight of conditions beyond fundamental minimums. Detention may continue indefinitely with release only upon third-country acceptance, voluntary return to country of origin, or Secretarial direction.

PART 15 – ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES

The Secretary of State may prescribe application forms with digital submission preferred and paper secondary. Documentary evidence requirements include birth certificates, marriage certificates and identity documents. Submission proceeds through online portal primarily or paper alternatively. No complex procedural requirements burden applicants. Invalid applications result where submissions are incomplete, fees incorrect, or forms wrong. Fee-setting powers rest with the Secretary of State exercisable by regulation. Status Recognition Certificate fees are five hundred pounds for Indigenous or Hereditary status and two hundred pounds per five-year cycle for ICBC. Visa fees comprise one hundred pounds for standard visitors, five hundred pounds for long-term visitors, three hundred pounds for business visitors, and four hundred pounds for study visitors. Immigration health charges impose six hundred twenty-four pounds per year for visitors staying over six months. Nationality document fees of one hundred fifty pounds apply for passport-equivalent documents issued to Subjects. Civil penalty objection fees of fifty pounds are refundable if objections are upheld. Fee waivers apply in exceptional circumstances only as prescribed by regulation covering destitution, child applicant hardship, or national interest.

Secretarial powers and discretions are broad and non-justiciable. Delegated decision-making permits immigration officers and senior caseworkers to exercise functions. Standards of proof apply the balance of probabilities for factual matters. Burden of proof rests on applicants who must prove eligibility for claimed status. The National Register of Citizens and Subjects maintains separate registers for Indigenous, ICBC, Hereditary, Honorary and Subject classifications. Digital register implementation may employ blockchain or secure database technology. Birth, marriage and death recording integrates automatically with General Register Office systems. Data protection is minimal with immigration enforcement prioritised. Public access is limited to verification purposes only.

PART 16 – INFORMATION SHARING AND AUTOMATED ENFORCEMENT

Public authorities must disclose specified information to the Home Office without delay. His Majesty's Revenue and Customs provides tax records, National Insurance records and employment records. Department for Work and Pensions supplies benefits data and welfare claims information. National Health Service transmits usage data and registration records. Police supply Police National Computer data covering arrests and convictions. Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency provides licensing data and vehicle registration. Local authorities report council tax, housing and school attendance information. Banks disclose account data and large transactions exceeding ten thousand pounds for international transfers. Employers provide payroll data upon request. Landlords supply tenancy data upon request. Universities transmit enrolment data and attendance records. Real-time data sharing operates through automated monthly uploads minimum. No breach of confidentiality occurs as the duty to disclose overrides all other obligations including professional privilege and banking secrecy.

Algorithmic cross-referencing automatically matches immigration status against employment records, benefits claims, National Health Service usage, bank accounts, tenancies and driving licences. Automatic generation of enforcement actions follows from detected mismatches. Clear-cut cases produce automatic removal directions with minimal human intervention for straightforward violations. Digital verification portals provide employers, landlords and banks with instant real-time status checking. Privacy protections are minimal. Data is used for immigration enforcement only. Data retention continues indefinitely for enforcement purposes. No individual access rights apply with data subject access requests denied for immigration data. No data protection impact assessments are required as immigration enforcement enjoys blanket exemption.

Unauthorised disclosure of immigration data constitutes criminal offence carrying maximum penalty of two years' imprisonment applying to Home Office staff, contractors and partner agencies. Exceptions permit lawful disclosure under the Act, disclosure for law enforcement purposes, and whistleblowing on fraud or corruption which receives protection. His Majesty's Revenue and Customs maintains full cooperation with immigration enforcement. Tax evasion by immigration violators triggers data sharing for prosecution. Customs enforcement at borders integrates with Border Force operations.

PART 17 – OVERSIGHT

The Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration continues as a statutory office with reduced role confined to producing annual reports on immigration system performance covering efficiency and effectiveness without policy review. No power exists to review policy decisions or delay removals. Annual reports are laid before Parliament with Secretarial response within sixty days. A complaints scheme handles administrative matters only. Grounds for complaints include discourtesy or mistreatment by officials, manifest procedural error correctable through factual error processes, and lost documents. Merits of decisions, removals, visa refusals, detention and policy matters do not constitute valid complaint grounds. Complaints proceed in writing only without oral hearings. Outcomes are limited to apologies and compensation for lost documents only. Parliamentary Questions continue through existing mechanisms. Home Affairs Select Committee oversight proceeds as established. Annual statistics are published in aggregate only without personal data disclosure.

PART 18 – MODERN SLAVERY AND TRAFFICKING

The Modern Slavery Act 2015 remains in force for criminal prosecutions. Identification as a trafficking victim does not create immigration status, prevent removal as a Visitor, create any right to remain, create pathways to citizenship or enhanced status, or suspend removal proceedings. Victim support under the 2015 Act remains compatible with detention pending removal, removal to safe third countries, and immediate removal post-investigation or prosecution. The Secretary of State may at discretion grant temporary visitor extensions where ongoing criminal investigations require witness presence as certified by police or Crown Prosecution Service, or ongoing criminal trials require witness necessity as certified by prosecutors. Duration is case-by-case, strictly limited to investigation or trial duration, non-renewable, and immediate removal follows upon conclusion. Detention is permitted during extension periods.

No recovery period creates any right to remain. No victim leave or settlement pathway exists. Victim support covering accommodation and counselling remains compatible with detention and removal. Cooperation with investigations does not create legitimate expectations of status. Assistance and support under the Modern Slavery Act may be provided for a single recovery period of up to forty-five days with no entitlement to additional recovery periods except in exceptional circumstances defined by regulation. Temporary leave may be granted where necessary for criminal investigations, prosecutions, or where owing to personal circumstances removal would cause serious and irreversible harm. Leave is time-limited, non-extendable save for prosecutorial necessity, and confers no pathway to any citizen status.

PART 19 – INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS

The United Kingdom withdraws from and denounces specified instruments to the fullest extent permitted. Formal notice must be given by the Secretary of State to treaty depositaries. Domestic effect ceases immediately upon commencement regardless of international notice periods. Treaties from which withdrawal occurs include the European Convention on Human Rights and all Protocols, the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and 1967 Protocol, the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, the European Social Charter, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Dublin Convention determining the state responsible for examining asylum applications, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Palermo Protocols on trafficking and smuggling, and the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings.

Where instruments require notice periods such as six months for European Convention withdrawal, domestic law overrides immediately from commencement. The Secretary of State must give formal notice within fourteen days of commencement. Parliamentary approval through affirmative resolution is required for the withdrawal schedule.

The Secretary of State may enter bilateral agreements for return of immigration violators, safe third country arrangements, offshore processing, and information sharing. Administrative agreements including memoranda of understanding or exchanges of letters suffice without treaty ratification. Financial arrangements including payments to third countries are authorised. No directly enforceable individual rights arise in United Kingdom law from such agreements.

Persons born in Northern Ireland retain birthright to Irish or British citizenship under the Good Friday Agreement. The Common Travel Area with Ireland is maintained. Persons born in Northern Ireland may opt out of British citizenship through formal declaration made once only and irrevocably. Such declaration creates permanent Visitor status in the United Kingdom. Irish identification is respected but confers no United Kingdom rights. Once opted out, the decision is irreversible except through marriage to a British citizen from an approved country or Parliamentary grant of Honorary citizenship.

PART 20 – GENERAL AND SUPPLEMENTARY

The Secretary of State may incur expenses for implementation with fees and charges revenues directed to the Consolidated Fund. Parliamentary appropriation proceeds through annual estimates. Regulation-making powers rest with the Secretary of State. Affirmative resolution is required for Tier B or C amendments involving additions, fee regulations setting maximum fees, Integrity Assessment methodology regulations, and regulations creating criminal offences. Negative resolution applies to procedural regulations, administrative regulations, Tier B or C removals, and other routine matters. Statutory instruments follow standard provisions.

The Act binds the Crown with Crown employees and contractors subject to its provisions. No Crown immunity applies for immigration violations. The Act extends to England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Crown Dependencies including Channel Islands and Isle of Man may adopt the Act through local legislation. Until adoption, residents are British Subjects with Common Travel Area provisions applying. British Overseas Territories may adopt by Order in Council with residents classified as British Subjects and separate citizenship frameworks permissible. Gibraltar receives special provisions prescribed by separate regulations.

Commencement occurs on the day after Royal Assent with immediate effect. No grace periods apply except a ninety-day voluntary departure window contained in transitional provisions. Transitional arrangements provide automatic status conversion mapping all legacy categories onto the new framework. Savings provisions are minimal with no vested rights preserved. The Act may be cited as the British Identity, Nationality and Commonwealth Act 2025.

Good Riddance To 8 Decades Of Useless Mess

BINCA represents nothing less than a constitutional revolution. Where other reforms have tinkered at the edges of immigration policy, it tears down the entire edifice constructed over seventy-five years and replaces it with something startling in its simplicity and uncompromising in its logic.

This is not incremental change. Twenty separate Acts of Parliament vanish overnight. The Immigration Rules—that sprawling, nine-hundred-page document updated dozens of times each year—ceases to exist. Every visa category, every route to settlement, every naturalisation pathway: abolished. In their place stands a structure so elegantly minimal it fits on a single flowchart.

The End of Administrative Citizenship

Consider what BINCA eliminates. Since 1948, British nationality law has operated on the premise that citizenship can be acquired through administrative process. Complete the requirements, submit the forms, attend the ceremony, swear the oath. After five years' residence, perhaps three if married to a British citizen, the Home Office grants what previous generations would have considered impossible: full membership in the political community through bureaucratic procedure.

BINCA declares this entire framework void. No naturalisation. No registration. No ministerial discretion. After commencement, precisely three events can change a person's nationality status: birth, marriage, or an Act of Parliament. The last route exists solely for exceptional service to the realm—think decorated war heroes or Nobel laureates—and carries no right of transmission to spouse or children.

This represents a return to principles predating the modern nation-state. Nationality reverts from administrative convenience to constitutional fact. One belongs not through process but through connection: to the land through birth, to the people through descent, to the community through marriage. Everything else becomes visitor status, however extended.

Three Categories, Not Three Hundred

The current system's complexity defies comprehension. Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 5. Student visas, work permits, indefinite leave to remain. Right of abode, settlement, discretionary leave, humanitarian protection. British citizens, British Overseas citizens, British Overseas Territories citizens, British subjects under the 1981 Act, British protected persons, British Nationals (Overseas). Each category brings different rights, different restrictions, different pathways to other statuses.

BINCA collapses this labyrinth into three positions: Citizen, Subject, Visitor. That's it. Full stop.

Citizens divide into four types based on how citizenship was acquired, but all share identical rights when resident in the United Kingdom. Vote in elections, stand for office, work without restriction, access all public services. The distinctions matter only for determining which citizens face potential removal and under what circumstances.

Subjects occupy an intermediate position. Marriage to a British citizen from an approved country confers Subject status instantly. So does birth in certain British Overseas Territories. Subjects may live and work in the United Kingdom indefinitely. They walk through the citizen lane at airports. Their passport-equivalent document opens doors across the Common Travel Area. But Subjects cannot vote, cannot hold public office, and face removal for serious criminality or breach of conditions. More critically, this status depends on the marriage continuing. Divorce triggers automatic reversion to Visitor status within thirty days.

Everyone else becomes a Visitor. That Indian software engineer on a three-year work permit? Visitor. That Nigerian student completing a PhD? Visitor. That American entrepreneur building a startup in Shoreditch? Visitor. Previous distinctions dissolve. The elaborate points-based system vanishes. Immigration status reduces to a single question: how long may you visit, and under what conditions?

This simplification eliminates thousands of hours of legal argument and tribunal hearings. No more debates about whether twenty months as a student should count toward the five-year residence requirement for settlement. No more litigation over whether childcare responsibilities constitute "insurmountable obstacles" to family life elsewhere. The categories themselves preclude such disputes.

Indigenous Recognition Through Genealogical Proof

Perhaps BINCA's most striking innovation lies in how it defines its highest citizenship category. Indigenous British Citizens must satisfy a test unprecedented in modern nationality law: all fourteen direct ancestors from both parents' lines must have been born in England, Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland during the seventy-five years preceding the person's own birth.

This rolling window creates dynamic requirements that shift with each generation. For someone born in 2025, all grandparents and great-grandparents must have been born between 1950 and 2025 within the Britannic Isles. Their parents must meet the same test. By 2050, the window moves forward to 1975–2050. The calculation recalibrates constantly, measuring contemporary ancestry rather than ancient bloodlines.

The requirement reaches back exactly three generations. Demographers and anthropologists recognise this timeframe as critical for integration. First-generation migrants maintain strong ties to countries of origin. Second-generation children often straddle two cultures. Third-generation descendants typically speak only the host country's language fluently, marry outside heritage groups, and identify primarily with the nation where they were born.

BINCA codifies this social scientific reality into legal status. The seventy-five year window and fourteen-ancestor requirement together ensure that Indigenous citizenship flows only to those whose families have maintained unbroken presence across living memory. Not theoretical indigeneity stretching back to Saxon invasions, but practical belonging demonstrated through continuous familial connection to the land over multiple generations.

This demands extensive proof. Fifteen birth certificates: one's own, both parents', all four grandparents', all eight great-grandparents'. Parish registers serve where civil documentation proves unavailable. Statutory declarations from two Indigenous citizens with personal knowledge may supplement. DNA evidence corroborates but cannot supplant documentary records.

The burden falls on the applicant. BINCA assumes nothing. The General Register Office has maintained systematic birth records since 1837, parish registers stretch back to 1538. Evidence exists. Applicants must produce it.

The Tier B Warning Flag

BINCA's treatment of culturally distant countries introduces a mechanism with profound implications. Tier B lists twenty-seven nations whose culture differs substantially from the United Kingdom's. The criteria appear objective: non-Christian majority religion, non-Common Law legal tradition, lack of pre-1945 colonial ties, violence rates exceeding five times the UK average, documented human rights violations, terrorism sponsorship, absence of reciprocal citizenship rights, or incompatible educational systems. Two or more factors suffice for inclusion.

Yet beneath this analytical facade lies pure political discretion. The Secretary of State may add any country to Tier B by negative resolution statutory instrument. Courts cannot review the designation's merits. Parliamentary procedure defaults to approval unless explicit objection arises within forty sitting days. Emergency additions via Order in Council bypass even that limited oversight.

Once listed, Tier B status creates multiple legal consequences. Nationals from such countries cannot become British Subjects through marriage, regardless of whom they marry. A British citizen married to a Tier B national produces children who receive Inherited Conditional British Citizen status if born in the UK, Visitor status if born elsewhere. More dramatically, any Tier B marriage anywhere in a person's ancestral line permanently blocks Indigenous citizenship for all descendants. One great-grandparent who married a Pakistani in 1960 prevents great-grandchildren born in 2025 from qualifying as Indigenous, even if every other criterion is met.

This creates hereditary consequences spanning generations. Tier B functions as a constitutional sorting mechanism, establishing parallel tracks of citizenship that, once diverged, never converge. The lineage break proves permanent absent extraordinary circumstances.

Tier C operates similarly for countries whose nationals demonstrate elevated criminality rates within the UK immigrant population. These seven nations—identified through prison statistics, crime pattern analysis, and European proxy data—trigger enhanced scrutiny in the National Integrity Assessment. Criminality factors multiply. Removal thresholds lower. Any custodial sentence, regardless of length, prompts comprehensive review.

Algorithmic Citizenship Review

The National Integrity Assessment Formula represents BINCA's most technically sophisticated element. Every five years, ICBCs and British Subjects face automated evaluation producing a numerical score. This is not social credit. The assessment applies solely to conditional statuses and affects nothing beyond citizenship retention.

The formula itself reads like insurance actuarial tables. Positive factors include tax contribution weighted by four, assimilation indicators weighted by five, pre-1949 lineage weighted by three, character affidavits from Indigenous citizens weighted by two, and discretionary positive additions weighted by three. Negative factors include criminality weighted by five, security risk weighted by eight, welfare dependency weighted by three, and public order debts weighted by two.

Assimilation breaks into seven measurable components: English language proficiency, employment history, community participation, monogamy, acceptance of UK legal supremacy over religious law, children's school attendance, and absence of harmful practices like forced marriage or honour violence. Each component met adds one point.

The calculation runs automatically, drawing data from HM Revenue and Customs, the Department for Work and Pensions, the Police National Computer, border crossing records, local authority registers, educational institutions, the National Health Service, and banking institutions. Real-time matching cross-references immigration status against employment, benefits claims, NHS usage, bank accounts, rental agreements, and driving licences.

Scores below zero trigger automatic removal without further review. Scores from zero to nine prompt discretionary assessment by the Secretary of State. Scores of ten or above preserve status until the next five-yearly cycle. The system eliminates hearing rights, merits appeals, and judicial discretion. Only manifest factual errors—wrong person assessed, miscalculated arithmetic—permit correction.

This transforms citizenship from permanent status to renewable licence. ICBCs and Subjects must continuously demonstrate contribution and conformity. The algorithm monitors behaviour, calculates allegiance, and renders judgment. No tribunal reviews the weighting factors. No court examines whether employment gaps or welfare claims truly indicate diminished belonging. The formula is law.

The One-Generation Rule

Hereditary British Citizens face unique limitations. This status applies to children born outside the UK to British citizen parents, provided birth occurs in a Recognised State and registration happens within five years. Yet transmission stops there. Soil matters. A Hereditary citizen's child born overseas becomes a Visitor, not a Hereditary citizen. Multi-generational transmission through blood alone ceases.

The exception proves instructive. Children born abroad to parents serving in official Crown capacity—Foreign Office diplomats, armed forces personnel, intelligence officers—are deemed born in the UK for status purposes. They acquire their parents' exact citizenship type: Indigenous if both parents are Indigenous, ICBC if one or both are ICBC. The Crown service exception recognises that deployment overseas in the state's direct employment maintains rather than severs the territorial connection.

Private sector workers receive no such accommodation. The British investment banker in Singapore, the British teacher in Dubai, the British nurse in Sydney: their children born overseas are Hereditary for one generation only. If those children never return and have their own children abroad, those grandchildren become Visitors. BINCA forces a choice: reconnect with UK soil or lose citizenship within two generations.

This reverses the global diaspora model where citizenship transmits indefinitely through descent. Many nations impose no generational limit on transmission by blood. Italy, for instance, allows citizenship claims through patrilineal descent stretching back to 1861 unification, provided no ancestor formally renounced Italian nationality. Ireland permits registration for anyone with an Irish-born grandparent. Germany recently relaxed rules to accommodate descendants of Nazi-era persecution victims across multiple generations.

BINCA rejects this approach. Citizenship requires territorial presence, not merely genetic connection. The one-generation rule prevents citizenship from becoming a commodity claimed by families with no lived experience of the United Kingdom, no cultural connection beyond surname and ancestry.

Children's Status Stability

One of BINCA's most carefully constructed provisions protects children from status volatility caused by parental actions. A child's citizenship classification fixes at birth. Subsequent parental divorce, denaturalisation, or criminal removal cannot retroactively alter the child's status. This prevents innocent children from facing punishment for parents' conduct.

The exception applies only where status was obtained through fraud. If parents used false documents or material misrepresentation to secure citizenship for themselves or their children, all derived statuses void ab initio. The entire family's classification collapses.

For children born to Visitors within the UK, BINCA abolishes birthright citizenship. No person acquires British citizenship merely by being born on British soil. At least one parent must hold British citizenship at the time of birth. Otherwise, the child receives Visitor status from birth.

This creates a potential statelessness problem that BINCA addresses through Temporary Conditional British Status. Where a child born in the UK to Visitor parents would otherwise lack any nationality, TCBS prevents statelessness. The child receives conditional status from birth. Upon reaching eighteen years of age, continuous residence from birth triggers automatic conversion to ICBC status. No application, no ceremony, no discretion. The system simply recategorises the person.

Conditions for conversion require continuous UK residence, no serious criminality, and registration with authorities within thirty days of birth. Fail any of these, and TCBS lapses at majority. The person reverts to Visitor status and faces immediate removal liability.

Community Juries and Localised Determination

BINCA incorporates direct democratic elements through community petition procedures. Local residents may nominate conditional status holders—ICBCs, Subjects, or Visitors—for either continuance or removal. Twelve Indigenous or Hereditary citizens drawn by lot from the local jury pool convene to hear evidence and decide by simple majority.

These Community Status Juries wield real power. A continuance order grants provisional status for up to twelve months, renewable once, and pauses any pending removal timetable. The DHS must adjust the individual's Integrity Assessment score upward to reflect community endorsement. Conversely, a removal order triggers departure within twenty-four hours, subject to a seven-day appeal limited to procedural error.

Proceedings operate on inquisitorial principles rather than adversarial litigation. Hearsay evidence is admissible. The standard remains balance of probabilities. The subject may bring a lay representative and interpreter but no lawyer. Members must declare conflicts of interest; a four-member objection replaces the conflicted juror with an alternate. Wilful bias or corruption constitutes a criminal offence carrying up to five years' imprisonment.

This localised mechanism acknowledges that communities possess legitimate interests in determining who resides among them. Villages, towns, and unitary authorities gain formal power to protect local character and expel those who demonstrate persistent non-compliance or public disorder. The jury requirement prevents summary expulsion by government fiat whilst ensuring that decisions flow from local knowledge rather than bureaucratic assessment hundreds of miles distant.

Absolute Removal Powers and Offshore Processing

BINCA eliminates virtually all barriers to removal. Fast-track procedures dominate. Visitors face forty-eight-hour removal windows following refusal at port. Those discovered breaching conditions receive no notice beyond the decision letter. ICBCs removed after criminal conviction receive fourteen days. Detention pending removal has no maximum duration. Bail exists only for ICBCs and Hereditary citizens, not Visitors or Subjects under removal direction.

Perhaps most controversially, statelessness no bar to removal. The 1954 and 1961 Statelessness Conventions fall among the treaties BINCA withdraws from. Where someone cannot be removed to their country of origin—because they never had one, or it refuses to accept them—the Secretary of State may direct removal to any willing country, including through paid arrangements.

This enables Rwanda-style deportation schemes without legal impediment. BINCA explicitly authorises offshore processing facilities for detention, claim processing, and post-removal accommodation. These may be located in any third country by agreement, any British Overseas Territory, any leased territory, aboard vessels or maritime installations, or on islands and remote territories. Transfer to such facilities constitutes removal from UK jurisdiction. No further immigration proceedings follow. Habeas corpus is limited to manifest procedural error.

Safe third country designations become nearly unchallengeable. The Secretary of State may designate any country as safe by order. The designation proves non-justiciable—courts cannot review the merits. An irrebuttable presumption arises: once designated safe, removal proceeds without individual assessment of personal safety circumstances. Family ties, personal history, individual vulnerability: all irrelevant. The presumption applies to all designated countries except those in active war zones, itself a determination the Secretary of State makes and reviews annually.

This framework permits removal to countries with problematic human rights records, provided they accept returns and are not currently at war. The categories of "persecution" and "well-founded fear" lose legal meaning. BINCA replaces the entire Refugee Convention apparatus with discretionary domestic protection available only for exceptional circumstances: immediate risk to life certified by the DHS, or temporary presence necessary for criminal investigation cooperation. Such protection lasts twelve months maximum and creates no pathway to any enhanced status.

Public Office Restrictions

The Act resurrects the ancient principle that ultimate authority should rest with those whose allegiance is rooted at home, not just in law but in inherited connection. Until 1948, the Act of Settlement 1701 barred naturalised subjects from wielding prerogative powers. That restriction fell away as citizenship became administratively accessible.

BINCA restores the safeguard. Cabinet ministers, Privy Counsellors, senior judiciary at High Court level and above, permanent secretaries, director-level civil servants with policy or security functions, intelligence service personnel, senior military officers at brigadier rank and above, police chief constables, and returning officers for national elections must all be Indigenous British Citizens. A narrow exception permits Hereditary citizens married to Indigenous citizens.

Dual nationality disqualifies categorically. Any person holding foreign nationality alongside British citizenship cannot occupy these positions. The exception, again, applies only to Irish citizenship under Common Travel Area recognition. Indigenous citizens may hold Irish passports and still serve in restricted offices. All other dual nationals face absolute prohibition.

This creates a hereditary governing class in all but name. Only those whose families maintained unbroken presence across seventy-five years may exercise core sovereign powers. The framework excludes first-generation immigrants entirely, even those who arrived as children and spent their entire adult lives in Britain. Second-generation citizens face exclusion unless all fourteen ancestors qualify. Third-generation citizens begin to qualify, provided no Schedule B taint corrupts the lineage.

Such restrictions would face constitutional challenge under most European legal systems. BINCA eliminates that avenue by withdrawing from the European Convention on Human Rights and explicitly ousting judicial review of policy decisions. Courts may intervene only for manifest procedural error: wrong person assessed, decision-maker lacked jurisdiction, fraud or corruption in decision-making, manifest arithmetical error not corrected through factual review. Merits review, human rights challenges, proportionality assessments: all non-justiciable.

The Retroactive Taint Doctrine

Perhaps BINCA's most unforgiving provision applies retroactive consequences to Tier B marriages anywhere in an ancestral line. If a great-grandparent married a Pakistani national in 1960—decades before Pakistan appeared on any Tier B list, before the concept of Tier B existed—their descendants born in 2025 cannot qualify as Indigenous citizens. The taint operates retrospectively.

This doctrine has no time limit. As Tier B expands, newly listed countries apply retroactively to existing marriages. If India were added to Tier B in 2030, every British citizen whose ancestors married Indians at any point since 1950 would lose Indigenous status eligibility, as would their descendants ad infinitum.

The only escape involves extraordinary difficulty. A "lineage reset" requires marrying an Indigenous citizen, residing in the UK for twenty-five consecutive years after age eighteen, maintaining a National Integrity Assessment score of at least twenty throughout that period, accumulating no criminal convictions, and meeting assimilation requirements. Upon satisfying all conditions, ICBC status upgrades to Indigenous. Children born after upgrade acquire Indigenous status if the other parent is also Indigenous.

Notice what this means in practice. The Tier B taint doctrine creates hereditary disability. Marry unwisely, and your descendants eight generations hence face citizenship restrictions. The only remedy demands a quarter-century of perfect behaviour, professional success, community integration, and strategic marriage. Most affected families will never escape. The taint becomes permanent across lineages.

Employment, Housing, Healthcare, Banking

BINCA extends immigration enforcement deep into civil society. Employers must verify work permission before offering employment, with subsequent annual checks for non-citizens. A digital verification system provides real-time status checking via government portal. Instant verification at the point of job offer. Automatic updates when status changes.

Civil penalties for employing illegal workers reach twenty thousand pounds per person for first offences, forty thousand for subsequent violations. Daily penalties accrue for continuing contraventions at five hundred pounds per day. Employers who knowingly employ illegal workers, or have reasonable cause to believe workers lack permission, commit criminal offences carrying five-year maximum sentences and unlimited fines.

Landlords face parallel duties. Right-to-rent checks verify immigration status before tenancy commences and annually thereafter. Civil penalties reach three thousand pounds per illegal occupant initially, five thousand for repeat offences. Upon notification that a tenant has lost status, landlords may serve seven-day notice. Fast-track possession proceedings follow in county court with no consideration of Article 8 ECHR rights—because BINCA withdraws from the Convention.

Banks must verify immigration status for new account openings and conduct annual reviews of existing accounts. Upon Home Office notification of status loss, accounts freeze automatically. A thirty-day grace period permits basic wage payments only. Failure to regularise status triggers account closure and balance transfer to the Home Office.

The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency revokes licences automatically upon notification of status loss. Police may search for and seize licences from disqualified persons. Driving while disqualified remains a criminal offence under existing law.

National Health Service access bifurcates sharply. Citizens and Subjects receive full NHS services. Visitors access only emergency treatment and immediately necessary care, both charged at one hundred and fifty percent of NHS cost. Elective treatment requires advance payment. Immigration health charges accrue annually for long-term Visitors at £624 per year.

These service restrictions create what BINCA's architects call a "self-enforcing border." Rather than relying solely on immigration officers at ports, enforcement distributes across every employment offer, rental agreement, bank account, and medical appointment. Digital verification systems create perpetual checkpoints in daily life. Status determines not just physical presence but practical possibility of normal existence.

Treaty Withdrawal and Constitutional Rupture

BINCA directs withdrawal from thirteen major international instruments. The European Convention on Human Rights. The 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol. The 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons. The 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. The Dublin Convention. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Convention Against Torture. The Convention on the Rights of the Child. The UN Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime and its Palermo Protocols. The Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings.

Some of these treaties require notice periods—the ECHR provides for six months, for instance. BINCA declares domestic effect ceases immediately upon commencement, regardless of international notice periods. The Secretary of State must give formal notice to treaty depositaries, but UK law no longer recognises treaty provisions from the date of Royal Assent.

This creates legal discontinuity unprecedented in modern British history. Since 1945, the United Kingdom has gradually incorporated international human rights standards into domestic law. The Human Rights Act 1998 made ECHR rights directly enforceable in British courts. The Modern Slavery Act 2015 implemented anti-trafficking obligations. The Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 embedded refugee protection standards. Hundreds of statutory provisions reference international obligations.

BINCA severs these connections wholesale. Courts may no longer consider international law in immigration cases. Government decisions need not conform to treaty standards. Removal may proceed to countries where persecution or torture is probable. Detention may continue indefinitely without judicial review. Family life receives no special protection. Children's best interests cease to be primary considerations. Torture victims and trafficking survivors face deportation without regard to trauma or safety.

The constitutional implications extend beyond immigration. By asserting that treaties create no enforceable domestic rights regardless of incorporation legislation, BINCA challenges dualist theory's foundations. For centuries, British law has operated on the principle that international obligations bind the Crown externally but require parliamentary legislation to take domestic effect. Treaties need transformation into statute. Once transformed, however, they become domestic law indistinguishable from any other legislation.

BINCA declares that notwithstanding prior incorporation, these particular treaties have no domestic effect. This suggests a hierarchy where immigration legislation trumps human rights legislation even when both carry equal statutory weight. Such supremacy could extend beyond immigration if the principle generalises.

The Transitional Firestorm Ahead

BINCA's commencement provisions allow no grace period. Every classification must occur overnight. Ten million foreign-born residents face immediate recategorisation. Several million naturalised British citizens since 1948 convert to ICBC status. Hundreds of thousands on various visa categories become Visitors with the attendant restrictions.

The existing infrastructure cannot support this yet. The Home Office currently processes approximately three million visa decisions annually. BINCA requires classifying every person in the United Kingdom, plus determining status for several million citizens living abroad, within weeks of commencement. Each classification demands documentary verification of ancestry, marriage certificates, birth certificates, criminal records checks, security screening.

Indigenous status determination requires fifteen birth certificates per person. Approximately forty million UK-born residents would seek Indigenous classification. That demands six hundred million documentary verifications from the General Register Office, parish archives, and equivalent Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish authorities. Even if the process were entirely digital—which it cannot be, given BINCA's biometric prohibition—the current system would collapse under the volume.

ICBC determinations involve fewer documents but affect more people. Anyone naturalised since 1948 converts to ICBC automatically. Their children born in the UK also receive ICBC classification. Approximately fifteen million people fall into this category. Each requires National Integrity Assessment within twelve months of commencement. The formula demands real-time data from HMRC, DWP, the Police National Computer, NHS databases, local authority records, banks, landlords, and employers. Building such integrated data architecture from scratch would require years.

The Visitor recategorisation affects perhaps two million long-term residents under current leave to remain provisions. They lose status overnight. No notice period. No conversion pathway. They become removable immediately unless they qualify for Subject status through marriage. Those from Tier B countries cannot even attempt Subject status. Their marriages to British citizens, however long-standing, confer nothing. They revert to Visitor with thirty-day departure windows.

Consider the human mechanics. A Polish engineer who entered in 2010, worked continuously, bought a house, married a British woman, and had two children now faces removal. His wife is British but Poland is not Tier B, so he qualifies for Subject status. He must prove the marriage, obtain documentation, and register within thirty days or face removal. The couple's two children receive ICBC status at birth because one parent was British. That status remains valid even if the father is later removed for criminality. But ICBC status creates no family unification right. If the father is deported, the mother and children remain but he cannot return.

Multiply such cases by millions. Every mixed-status family faces urgent status determination. Every employer must immediately verify worker status or face criminal penalties. Every landlord must check tenant status within weeks or risk prosecution. Every bank must freeze accounts for anyone whose status cannot be confirmed immediately.

A Constitutional Thought Experiment

BINCA reveals tensions inherent in democratic citizenship by pushing principles to logical extremes. If citizenship means meaningful belonging rather than administrative status, how does one measure belonging? If immigration control serves the national interest, who defines that interest and how? If cultural cohesion matters, which cultures cohere and which remain perpetually distant?

The Act forces confrontation with questions modern liberal democracies prefer to avoid. Should citizenship transmit indefinitely through bloodlines or require renewed territorial connection each generation? Should nations distinguish between immigrants based on cultural compatibility, and if so, using what metrics? Can algorithmic assessment replace human judgment in citizenship matters? Does democratic self-governance require restricting public office to those with deep ancestral connections?

These questions lack obvious answers. BINCA provides one set of answers, radical in formulation and ruthless in implementation. Whether those answers serve justice, promote flourishing, or protect liberty remains fiercely contested. But BINCA succeeds in one crucial respect: it demonstrates immigration law need not sprawl across twenty statutes and nine hundred pages. Clarity is achievable. Simplicity is possible. Determination of status can be immediate and certain.